John Tolan writes that “Muslim attitudes towards Judaism and Christianity have always been ambivalent” (p. 33). Sura 3 provides numerous examples of this. It condemns “most of (the People of the Book) as lawbreakers” (3.110), but also tells us that “some among the People of the Book…are upright…and among the righteous” (3.113-114). Using specific passages from the Qur’an, identify and explain one, two, or three important criteria that are used to distinguish the “lawbreakers” from the “upright” among the People of the Book (whether Jews or Christians).

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